| 
|
In the front part of the imperial necropolises, there usually is a Sacred
Way (or Divine Road) which means the road leading to heaven. The Emperor,
known as the Son of the Heaven, who came from Heaven to his country through
the Sacred Way, also deservedly would return to Heaven through this road.
The road is often lined with stone statues which are important decorations
of the mausoleum. These statues are usually 12 human figures (including
the general, civil officials and meritorious officials) and 24 animals
which are lion, camel, elephant, xiezhi (a mythological unicorn), qilin
(one of the four "divine animals, the other three are dragon, phoenix
and tortoise), and horse. There are 4 of each of these animals: two standing
and two squatting with different meanings. Lion symbolizes awesome solemnity
because of their ferocity. Camel and elephant are meant to suggest the
vastness of the territory controlled by the court, because they are dependable
transport in desert and tropics. Xiezhi was put there to keep evil spirits
away, because it was believed to possess the sixth sense to tell right
and wrong. If two men fight, a xiezhi would gore the wicked one. Qilin,
an auspicious symbol, was placed on two sides. Horse, as the emperor's
mount, is absolutely indispensable. It is said that these animals is supposed
to change guard at midnight.
Among the many Sacred Ways, the one of Ming Tombs' is best preserved and
complete. The Sacred Way starts with a huge stone memorial archway lying
at the front of the area. Constructed in 1540, during the Ming Dynasty,
this archway is the earliest and biggest stone archway existing in China
today. Farther in, the Shengong Shengde Stele Pavilion can be seen. Inside
it, there lies a 50-ton tortoise carrying a stone tablet. A white marble
Huabiao (ornamental pillar) is positioned at each corner of the stele
pavilion. At the top of each is stationed a mythical beast facing either
inward or outward, expressing hope that the emperor will neither cling
to the palace nor forget to return to the Palace to handle state affairs.
Then come two Roof Pillars on each side of the road, whose surfaces are
carved with the cloud design, and tops are shaped like a rounded cylinder.
After the 18 pairs of stone statues which are all sculpted from whole
stones, and larger than life size, comes the Dragon and Phoenix Gate.
The Sacred Way was originally built to lead to the Changling mausoleum.
Afterwards, twelve more mausoleums were built. It is a ten-minute bus
ride from the Sacred Way to Changling.
|
|
